Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 355-363 , December 1999

Immunotherapy: the last 25 years

References 

  1. Zinkernagel R, Doherty P. MHC restricted cytotoxic T cells: studies on the biological role of polymorphic major transplantation antigens determining T cell restriction, specificity, function and responsiveness. Adv Immunol. 1979;26:51–177
  2. Bjorkman P, Saper M, Samraoui B, Bennett W, Strominger J, Wiley D. Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2. Nature; 1987; p. 506–512
  3. Brown J, Jardetzky T, Gorga J, Stern L, Urban R, Strominger J, et al. Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature; 1993; p. 33–39
  4. Townsend A, Rothbard J, Gotch F, Bahadur G, Wraith D, McMichael A. The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides. Cell. 1986;44:959–965
  5. Lechler R, Aichinger G, Lightstone L. The endogenous pathway of MHC class II antigen presentation. Immunol Rev. 1996;151:51–79
  6. Viola A, Lanzavecchia A. T cell activation determined by T cell receptor number and tunable thresholds. Science. 1996;273:104–106
  7. Schoenberger S, Toes R, van der Voort E, Offringa R, Melief C. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature. 1998;393:480–483
  8. Ridge J, Di Rosa F, Matzinger P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature. 1998;393:474–478
  9. Bennett S, Carbone F, Karamalis F, Flavell R, Miller J, Heath W. Help for cytotoxic-T-cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling. Nature. 1998;393:478–480
  10. Kohler G, Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of pre-defined specificity. Nature. 1975;256:495–497
  11. Coley W. The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases. Am J Med Sci. 1893;105:487–511
  12. Kirkwood J. Biologic therapy with interferon alpha and beta: clinical applications-melanoma. In De Vita VJ, Hellman S, Rosenberg S, eds. Biologic therapy of cancer: principles and practice. 1995;388–411
  13. Quesada J, Reuben J, Manning J, Hersh E, Gutterman J. Alpha interferon for induction of remission in hairy cell leukaemia. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:510–518
  14. Grever M, Kopecky K, Foucar M. Randomised comparison of Pentostatin versus interferon alpha-2 in previously untreated patients with hairy cell leukaemia: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:974–979
  15. Nethersell A, Sikora K. Interferons and malignant disease. In Taylor-Papadimitriou J, ed. Interferons: their impact in biology and medicine. 1985;127–144
  16. Creagan E, Dalton R, Ahmann D. Randomised, surgical adjuvant clinical trial of recombinant interferon alfa-2a in selected patients with malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:2776–2783
  17. Grob J, Dreno B, Salmoniere dl, Delaunay M, Cupissol D, Guillot B, et al. Randomised trial of interferon alfa-2a as adjuvant therapy in resected primary melanoma thicker than 1.5 mm without clinically detectable lymph node metastases. Lancet. 1998;351:1905–1910
  18. Pehamberger H, Soyer H, Steiner A. Adjuvant interferon alfa-2a treatment in resected primary stage ii cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:1425–1429
  19. Kirkwood J, Strawdermann M, Ernstoff M, Smith T, Borden E, Blum R. Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:7–17
  20. Cole B, Gelber R, Kirkwood J, Goldhirsch A, Barylak E, Borden E. Quality-of-life-adjusted survival analysis of interferon alfa-2b adjuvant treatment of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:2666–2773
  21. Wirth M. Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urol Clin N Am. 1993;20:283–295
  22. Neidhart J, Anderson S, Harris J. Vinblastine fails to improve response of renal cancer to interferon alfa-n1: high response rate in patients with pulmonary metastases. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:832–836
  23. Lancet. 1999;353:14–17
  24. Negrier S, Escudier B, Lasset C. Recombinant human interleukin-2, recombinant human interferon alfa-2a, or both in metastatic renal cell cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1272–1278
  25. Gleave M, Elhilali M, Fradet Y. Interferon gamma-1b compared with placebo in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1265–1271
  26. Rosenberg S, Lotze M, Muul L. A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:889–897
  27. Law T, Motzer R, Mazumdar M. Phase III randomized trial of interleukin-2 with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell cancer. Cancer. 1995;76:824–832
  28. Fyfe G, Fisher R, Rosenberg S, Sznol M, Parkinson D, Louie A. Results of treatment of 255 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:688–696
  29. Fyfe G, Fisher R, Rosenberg S, Sznol M, Parkinson D, Louie A. Long-term response data for 255 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:2410–2411
  30. Motzer R, Bander N, Nanus D. Renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:865–875
  31. Boon T, Gajewski T, Coulie P. From defined human tumor antigens to effective immunization?. Immunol Today. 1995;16:334–336
  32. Van Pel A, Van der Bruggen P, Coulie P, Brichard V, Lethe B, Van den Eydne B, et al. Genes coding for tumor antigens recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev. 1995;145:229–250
  33. Vermoken J, Claessen A, van Tinteren H, Gall H, Ezinga R, Meijer S, et al. Active specific immunotherapy for stage II and stage II human colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:345–350
  34. Toes R, Blom R, van der Voort E. Protective antitumour immunity induced by immunization with completely allogeneic tumor cells. Cancer Res. 1996;56:3782–3787
  35. Huang A, Golumbek P, Ahmadzadeh M. Role of bone marrow derived cells in presenting MHC class I-restricted tumor antigens. Science. 1994;264:961–965
  36. Conforti A, Ollila D, Kelley M. Update on active specific immunotherapy with melanoma vaccines. J Surg Oncol. 1997;66:55–64
  37. Hoon D, Okamoto T, Wang H. Is the survival of melanoma patients receiving polyvalent melanoma cell vaccine linked to the human leukocyte antigen phenotype of patients?. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:1430–1437
  38. Chan A, Morton D. Active immunotherapy with allogeneic tumour cell vaccines: present status. Semin Oncol. 1998;25:611–622
  39. Bystryn J, Oratz R, Henn M. Preparation and characterisation of a polyvalent human melanoma antigen vaccine. J Biol Response Mod. 1986;5:211–224
  40. Bystryn J, Oratz R, Henn M. Relationship between immune response to melanoma vaccine and clinical outcome in stage II malignant melanoma. Cancer. 1992;69:1157–1164
  41. Miller K, Abeles G, Oratz R. Response to immunization to a polyvalent melanoma vaccine. Cancer. 1995;75:495–502
  42. Bystryn J, Oratz R, Shapiro R. Phase III, double-blind, trial of a shed polyvalent melanoma vaccine in stage III melanoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1998;17:
  43. Wallack M, Sivanandham M, Balch C. A phase III randomized, double-blind multi-institutional trial of vaccinia melanoma oncolysate-active specific immunotherapy for patients with stage II melanoma. Cancer. 1995;75:34–42
  44. Nanni P, Forni G, Lollini P-L. Cytokine gene therapy: hopes and pitfalls. Annals Oncol. 1999;10:261–266
  45. Marchand M, Weynants P, Rankin E. Tumor regression responses in melanoma patients treated with a peptide encoded by MAGE3. Int J Cancer. 1995;63:883–885
  46. Jager E, Ringhoffer E, Dienes H. GM-CSF enhances immune responses to melanoma peptides in vivo. Int J Cancer. 1996;67:54–62
  47. Parkhurst M, Salgaller M, Southwood S. Improved induction of melanoma-reactive CTL with peptides from the melanoma antigen gp100 modified at HLA-A*0201-binding residues. J Immunol. 1996;157:2539–2548
  48. Rosenberg S, Yang J, Schwartzentruber D. Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Nature Med. 1998;4:321–327
  49. Toes R, Blom R, Offringa R, Kast W, Melief C. Functional deletion of tumor-specific CTLs induced by peptide vaccination can lead to the inability to reject tumours. J Immunol. 1996;156:3911–3918
  50. Livingston P. Ganglioside vaccines with emphasis on GM2. Semin Oncol. 1998;25:636–645
  51. Itzkowitz S, Bloom E, Kokal W, Modin G, Hakamori S, Kim Y. Sialosyl-Tn: a novel mucin antigen associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 1990;66:1960–1966
  52. Chun M, Terata N, Kodami M, Jancic S, Hosokawa Y, Hattori T. Expression of sialyl-Tn antigen is correlated with survival time of patients with gastric carcinomas. Eur J Cancer. 1993;29A:1820–1823
  53. Kinney A, Sahin A, Vernon S, Frankowski R, Annegers J, Hortobyagi G, et al. The prognostic significance of sialyl-Tn antigen in women with breast carcinoma treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer. 1997;80:2240–2249
  54. Kobayashi H, Terao T, Kawashima Y. Serum sialyl-Tn as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:95–101
  55. MacLean G, Miles D, Rubens R, Reddish M, Longenecker B. Enhancing the effect of THERATOPE STn-KLH cancer vaccine patients with metastatic breast cancer by pre-treatment with low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. J Immunother. 1996;19:309–316
  56. Fung P, Madej M, Koganty K, Longenecker B. Active specific immunotherapy of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma using a synthetic tumour-associated glycoconjugate. Cancer Res. 1990;50:4308–4314
  57. Fung P, Longenecker B. Specific immunosuppressive activity of epiglycanin, a mucin-like glycoprotein secreted by a murine adenocarcinoma (TA3-HA). Cancer Res. 1991;51:1170–1176
  58. MacLean G, Reddish M, Koganty R, Longenecker B. Antibodies against mucin-associated sialyl-Tn epitopes correlate with survival of metastatic adenocarcinoma patients undergoing active specific immunotherapy with synthetic STn vaccine. J Immunother Immunology. 1996;19:59–68
  59. Steinman R. The dendritic cell and its role in immunogenicity. Ann Rev Immunol. 1991;9:271–296
  60. Porgador A, Gilboa E. Bone marrow-generated dendritic cells pulsed with a class I-restricted peptide are potent inducers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1995;182:255–260
  61. Lutz M, Girolomoni G, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. The role of cytokines in functional regulation and differentiation of dendritic cells. Immunobiology. 1996;195:431–455
  62. Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K. Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of IL12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. J Exp Med. 1996;184:747–752
  63. Heufler C, Koch F, Stanzl U. Interleukin-12 is produced by dendritic cells and mediates TH1 development as well as interferon gamma production by TH1 cells. Eur J Immunol. 1996;26:659–668
  64. Winzler C, Rovere P, Resigno M. Maturation stages of mouse dendritic cells in growth factor-dependent long-term cultures. J Exp Med. 1997;185:317–328
  65. Hsu F, Benike C, Fagnoni F. Vaccination of patients with B cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Nature Med. 1996;2:52–58
  66. Romani N, Lanzavecchia A. Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood. J Exp Med. 1994;180:83–93
  67. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 and downregulated by tumour necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med. 1994;179:1109–1118
  68. Barratt-Boyes S, Watkins S, Finn O. In vivo migration of dendritic cells differentiated in vitro: a chimpanzee model. J Immunol. 1997;158:4543–4547
  69. Gong J, Chen D, Kashiwaba M, Kufe D. Induction of antitumour activity by immunization with fusions of dendritic and carcinoma cells. Nature Med. 1997;3:558–561
  70. Wang M, Bronte V, Chen P, Gritz L, Panicali D, Rosenberg S, et al. Active immunotherapy of cancer with a nonreplicating recombinant fowlpox virus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. J Immunol. 1995;154:4685–4692
  71. Bronte V, Tsung K, Rao J, Chen P, Wang M, Rosenberg S, et al. IL-2 enhances the function of recombinant poxvirus-based vaccines in the treatment of established pulmonary metastases. J Immunol. 1995;154:5482–5492
  72. Chamberlain R, Carroll M, Bronte V, Warren S, Yang J, Nishimura M, et al. Costimulation enhances the active immunotherapy effect of recombinant anti-cancer vaccines. Cancer Res. 1996;56:2832–2836
  73. Borysiewicz L, Fiander A, Nimako M. A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, E6 and E7 proteins as immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Lancet. 1996;347:1523–1527
  74. Murata K, Garcia Sastre A, Tsuji M, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez D, Rodriguez J. Characterization of in vitro primary and secondary CD8+ T cell responses induced by recombinant influenza and vaccinia viruses. Cellular Immunol. 1996;173:96–107
  75. Battegay M, Moskophidis D, Waldner H, Brundler M, Fung-Leung W, Mak T. Impairment and delay of neutralizing antiviral antibody responses by virus-specific cytotoxic T cells [published erratum appears in J Immunol 1994;152:1635]. J Immunol. 1993;151:5408–5415
  76. Deng Y, Yewdell J, Eisenlohr L, Bennink J. MHC affinity, peptide liberation, T cell repetoire, and immunodominance all contribute to the paucity of MHC class-I restricted peptides recognized by anti-viral CTL. J Immunol. 1997;158:1507–1515
  77. Wolff J, Malone R, Williams P, Chong W, Acsadia G, Jani A, et al. Direct gene transfer into muscle muscle in vivo. Science. 1990;247:1465–1468
  78. Jioa S, Williams P, Berg R, Hodgeman B, Liu L, Pepetto G, et al. Direct gene-transfer in non-human primate myofibres in vivo. Human Gene Ther. 1992;3:21–33
  79. Ulmer J, Deck R, DeWitt C, Friedman A, Donnelly J, Liu M. Protective immunity by intramuscular injection of low doses of influenza virus DNA vaccines. Vaccine. 1994;12:1541–1544
  80. Conry R, Lobuglio A, Loechel F, Moore S, Sumerel L, Barlow D, et al. A carcinoembryonic antigen polynucleotide vaccine has in vivo antitumour activity. Gene Ther. 1995;2:59–65
  81. Graham R, Stewart L, Peat N, Beverley P, Taylor-Papadimitriou J. MUC1-based immunogens for tumour therapy: development of murine model systems. Tumour Targeting. 1995;1:211–221
  82. Schneider J, Gilbert S, Blanchard T. Enhanced immunogenicity for CD8+ T cell induction and complete protective efficacy of malaria DNA vaccination by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara. Nature Med. 1998;4:397–402
  83. Winter G, Milstein C. Man-made antibodies. Nature. 1991;349:293–299
  84. Jakobovits A, Grenn L, Hardy M. Production of antigen-specific human antibodies from mice engineered with human heavy and light chain YACs. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1995;764:525–535
  85. Miller J. Lymphocyte interactions in immune responses. Int Rev Cytol. 1972;33:77–130
  86. Clark E, Ledbetter J. How B and T cells talk to each other. Nature. 1994;367:425–428
  87. Renner C, Jung W, Sahin U. Cure of xenografted human tumors by bispecific monoclonal antibodies and human T cells. Science. 1994;264:833–835
  88. Riethmuller G, Schneider-Gadicke E, Schlimok G. Randomised trial of monoclonal antibody for adjuvant therapy of resected Dukes’ C colorectal carcinoma. Lancet. 1994;343:1177–1183
  89. Riethmuller G, Holz E, Schlimok G. Monoclonal antibody therapy for resected Dukes C colorectal cancer:seven year outcome of a multicentre randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:1788–1794
  90. Kaminski M, Zasadny K, Francis I. Iodine-131-anti-B1 radioimmunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:1974–1981
  91. Maloney D, Press O. New treatments for non-Hodgkins lymphoma:monoclonal antibodies. Oncol. 1998;12:63–76
  92. Baselga J, Tripathy D, Mendelsohn J, Baughman S, Benz C, Dantis L, et al. Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized anti-p185HER2 monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:737–744
  93. Leonard P, Begent R. Immunotherapy options for colorectal cancer. Oncol in Practice. 1997;8–11
  94. Begent R, Verhaar M, Chester K. Clinical evidence of efficient tumour targeting based on single chain Fv antibody selected from a combinatorial library. Nature Med. 1996;2:979–983

PII: S0305-7372(99)90135-4

doi: 10.1053/ctrv.1999.0135

Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 355-363 , December 1999

Article Tools