Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 38, Issue 1 , Pages 27-35 , February 2012

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: A systematic update on clinical trials and biology

  • M.H.A. Jansen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Room PK 4x027, De Boelelaan 1118, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 20 4446201; fax: +31 20 4442422.
  • ,
  • D.G. van Vuurden

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Tel.: +31 20 44 42420x7212; fax: +31 20 44 42422.
  • ,
  • W.P. Vandertop

      Affiliations

    • Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Tel.: +31 20 44 43725; fax: +31 20 44 43784.
  • ,
  • G.J.L. Kaspers

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Tel.: +31 20 44 42420; fax: +31 20 44 42422.

Received 9 February 2011 ,Revised 17 May 2011 ,Accepted 25 June 2011.

References 

  1. Hargrave D, Bartels U, Bouffet E. Diffuse brainstem glioma in children: critical review of clinical trials. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7(3):241–248
  2. Epstein F, McCleary EL. Intrinsic brain-stem tumors of childhood: surgical indications. J Neurosurg. 1986;64(1):11–15
  3. Cartmill M, Punt J. Diffuse brain stem glioma. A review of stereotactic biopsies. Childs Nerv Syst. 1999;15(5):235–237
  4. Pincus DW, Richter EO, Yachnis AT, Bennett J, Bhatti MT, Smith A. Brainstem stereotactic biopsy sampling in children. J Neurosurg. 2006;104(2 Suppl):108–114
  5. Roujeau T, Machado G, Garnett MR, et al. Stereotactic biopsy of diffuse pontine lesions in children. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(1 Suppl):1–4
  6. Nakagawa Y, Kageji T, Mizobuchi Y, Kumada H, Nakagawa Y. Clinical results of BNCT for malignant brain tumors in children. Appl Radiat Isot. 2009;67(7–8 suppl.):S27–S30
  7. Wolff JE, Kortmann RD, Wolff B, et al. High dose methotrexate for pediatric high grade glioma: results of the HIT-GBM-D Pilot study. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(3):433–442
  8. Aquino-Parsons C, Hukin J, Green A. Concurrent carbogen and radiation therapy in children with high-risk brainstem gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;50(2):397–399
  9. Bradley KA, Pollack IF, Reid JM, et al. Motexafin gadolinium and involved field radiation therapy for intrinsic pontine glioma of childhood: a Children’s Oncology Group phase I study. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(5):752–758
  10. Broniscer A, Baker JN, Tagen M, et al. Phase I study of vandetanib during and after radiotherapy in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(31):4762–4768
  11. Cohen KJ, Heideman RL, Zhou T, et al. Temozolomide in the treatment of children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Neuro Oncol. 2011;13(4):410–416
  12. Frappaz D, Schell M, Thiesse P, et al. Preradiation chemotherapy may improve survival in pediatric diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas: final results of BSG 98 prospective trial. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(4):599–607
  13. Geoerger B, Hargrave D, Thomas F, et al. Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer pediatric phase I study of erlotinib in brainstem glioma and relapsing/refractory brain tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2011;13(1):109–118
  14. Geyer JR, Stewart CF, Kocak M, et al. A phase I and biology study of gefitinib and radiation in children with newly diagnosed brain stem gliomas or supratentorial malignant gliomas. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(18):3287–3293
  15. Grundy RG, Wilne SH, Robinson KJ, et al. Primary postoperative chemotherapy without radiotherapy for treatment of brain tumours other than ependymoma in children under 3 years: results of the first UKCCSG/SIOP CNS 9204 trial. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(1):120–133
  16. Haas-Kogan DA, Banerjee A, Kocak M, et al. Phase I trial of tipifarnib in children with newly diagnosed intrinsic diffuse brainstem glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(3):341–347
  17. Jalali R, Raut N, Arora B, et al. Prospective evaluation of radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;77(1):113–118
  18. Janssens GO, Gidding CE, Van Lindert EJ, et al. The role of hypofractionation radiotherapy for diffuse intrinsic brainstem glioma in children: a pilot study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73(3):722–726
  19. Kim CY, Kim SK, Phi JH, et al. A prospective study of temozolomide plus thalidomide during and after radiation therapy for pediatric diffuse pontine gliomas: preliminary results of the Korean Society for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology study. J Neurooncol. 2010;100(2):193–198
  20. Kivivuori SM, Riikonen P, Valanne L, Lonnqvist T, Saarinen-Pihkala UM. Antiangiogenic combination therapy after local radiotherapy with topotecan radiosensitizer improved quality of life for children with inoperable brainstem gliomas. Acta Paediatr. 2011;100(1):134–138
  21. Korones DN, Fisher PG, Kretschmar C, et al. Treatment of children with diffuse intrinsic brain stem glioma with radiotherapy, vincristine and oral VP-16: a Children’s Oncology Group phase II study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;50(2):227–230
  22. Massimino M, Spreafico F, Biassoni V, et al. Diffuse pontine gliomas in children: changing strategies, changing results? A mono-institutional 20-year experience. J Neurooncol. 2008;87(3):355–361
  23. Michalski A, Bouffet E, Taylor RE, et al. The addition of high-dose tamoxifen to standard radiotherapy does not improve the survival of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Neurooncol. 2010;100(1):81–88
  24. Negretti L, Bouchireb K, Levy-Piedbois C, et al. Hypofractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in children: a single institution’s experience. J Neurooncol 2011. Epub ahead of print.
  25. Pollack IF, Jakacki RI, Blaney SM, et al. Phase I trial of imatinib in children with newly diagnosed brainstem and recurrent malignant gliomas: a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium report. Neuro Oncol. 2007;9(2):145–160
  26. Sharp JR, Bouffet E, Stempak D, et al. A multi-centre Canadian pilot study of metronomic temozolomide combined with radiotherapy for newly diagnosed paediatric brainstem glioma. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(18):3271–3279
  27. Sirachainan N, Pakakasama S, Visudithbhan A, et al. Concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide and cis-retinoic acid in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(4):577–582
  28. Turner CD, Chi S, Marcus KJ, et al. Phase II study of thalidomide and radiation in children with newly diagnosed brain stem gliomas and glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol. 2007;82(1):95–101
  29. Wolff JE, Wagner S, Reinert C, et al. Maintenance treatment with interferon-gamma and low-dose cyclophosphamide for pediatric high-grade glioma. J Neurooncol. 2006;79(3):315–321
  30. Wolff JE, Driever PH, Erdlenbruch B, et al. Intensive chemotherapy improves survival in pediatric high-grade glioma after gross total resection: results of the HIT-GBM-C protocol. Cancer. 2010;116(3):705–712
  31. Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):987–996
  32. Glynne-Jones R, Dunst J, Sebag-Montefiore D. The integration of oral capecitabine into chemoradiation regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer: how successful have we been?. Ann Oncol. 2006;17(3):361–371
  33. Sawada N, Ishikawa T, Sekiguchi F, Tanaka Y, Ishitsuka H. X-ray irradiation induces thymidine phosphorylase and enhances the efficacy of capecitabine (Xeloda) in human cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5(10):2948–2953
  34. Lonser RR, Warren KE, Butman JA, et al. Real-time image-guided direct convective perfusion of intrinsic brainstem lesions. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(1):190–197
  35. Angelini P, Hawkins C, Laperriere N, Bouffet E, Bartels U. Post mortem examinations in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: challenges and chances. J Neurooncol. 2011;101(1):75–81
  36. Broniscer A, Baker JN, Baker SJ, et al. Prospective collection of tissue samples at autopsy in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Cancer. 2010;116(19):4632–4637
  37. Monje M, Mitra SS, Freret ME, et al. Hedgehog-responsive candidate cell of origin for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(11):4453–4458
  38. Hashizume R, Ozawa T, Dinca EB, et al. A human brainstem glioma xenograft model enabled for bioluminescence imaging. J Neurooncol. 2009;[Epub ahead of print]
  39. Liu Q, Liu R, Kashyap MV, et al. Brainstem glioma progression in juvenile and adult rats. J Neurosurg. 2008;109(5):849–855
  40. Caretti V, Zondervan I, Meijer DH, et al. Monitoring of tumor growth and post-irradiation recurrence in a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma mouse model. Brain Pathol 2010. Epub ahead of print.
  41. Gilbertson RJ, Hill DA, Hernan R, et al. ERBB1 is amplified and overexpressed in high-grade diffusely infiltrative pediatric brain stem glioma. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(10 Pt 1):3620–3624
  42. Barrow J, mowicz-Brice M, Cartmill M, et al. Homozygous loss of ADAM3A revealed by genome-wide analysis of pediatric high-grade glioma and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2011;13(2):212–222
  43. Cheng Y, Ng HK, Zhang SF, et al. Genetic alterations in pediatric high-grade astrocytomas. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(11):1284–1290
  44. Zarghooni M, Bartels U, Lee E, et al. Whole-genome profiling of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas highlights platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as potential therapeutic targets. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(8):1337–1344
  45. Paugh BS, Qu C, Jones C, et al. Integrated molecular genetic profiling of pediatric high-grade gliomas reveals key differences with the adult disease. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(18):3061–3068
  46. Thorarinsdottir HK, Santi M, McCarter R, et al. Protein expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor correlates with malignant histology and PTEN with survival in childhood gliomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(11):3386–3394
  47. Dunkel IJ, Garvin JH, Goldman S, et al. High dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow rescue for children with diffuse pontine brain stem tumors. Children’s Cancer Group. J Neurooncol. 1998;37(1):67–73
  48. Wagner S, Reinert C, Schmid HJ, et al. High-dose methotrexate prior to simultaneous radiochemotherapy in children with malignant high-grade gliomas. Anticancer Res. 2005;25(3c):2583–2587
  49. Carey LA, Sharpless NE. PARP and cancer – if it’s broke, don’t fix it. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(3):277–279
  50. McEllin B, Camacho CV, Mukherjee B, et al. PTEN loss compromises homologous recombination repair in astrocytes: implications for glioblastoma therapy with temozolomide or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2010;70(13):5457–5464
  51. Reardon DA, Wen PY. Therapeutic advances in the treatment of glioblastoma: rationale and potential role of targeted agents. Oncologist. 2006;11(2):152–164
  52. Feldkamp MM, Lau N, Roncari L, Guha A. Isotype-specific Ras.GTP-levels predict the efficacy of farnesyl transferase inhibitors against human astrocytomas regardless of Ras mutational status. Cancer Res. 2001;61(11):4425–4431
  53. Hargrave D, Chuang N, Bouffet E. Conventional MRI cannot predict survival in childhood diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Neurooncol. 2008;86(3):313–319
  54. Borjesson PK, Jauw YW, Boellaard R, et al. Performance of immuno-positron emission tomography with zirconium-89-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 in the detection of lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(7 Pt 1):2133–2140
  55. Perik PJ, Lub-de Hooge MN, Gietema JA, et al. Indium-111-labeled trastuzumab scintigraphy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(15):2276–2282
  56. Zalutsky MR. Potential of immuno-positron emission tomography for tumor imaging and immunotherapy planning. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(7 Pt 1):1958–1960
  57. van Dongen GA, Visser GW, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EG, Perk LR. Immuno-PET: a navigator in monoclonal antibody development and applications. Oncologist. 2007;12(12):1379–1389
  58. Hall WA, Doolittle ND, Daman M, et al. Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption chemotherapy for diffuse pontine gliomas. J Neurooncol. 2006;77(3):279–284
  59. Kast RE. Using blood brain barrier disruption by methamphetamine for drug delivery. J Neurooncol. 2007;85(1):109–110
  60. Sharma HS, Ali SF. Alterations in blood–brain barrier function by morphine and methamphetamine. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1074:198–224
  61. Jenkinson MD, Smith TS, Haylock B, et al. Phase II trial of intratumoral BCNU injection and radiotherapy on untreated adult malignant glioma. J Neurooncol. 2010;99(1):103–113
  62. Invernici G, Cristini S, Alessandri G, et al. Nanotechnology advances in brain tumors: the state of the art. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2011;6(1):58–69
  63. Xin H, Jiang X, Gu J, et al. Angiopep-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles as dual-targeting drug delivery system for brain glioma. Biomaterials. 2011;32(18):4293–4305

PII: S0305-7372(11)00119-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.06.007

Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 38, Issue 1 , Pages 27-35 , February 2012