Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 360-371 , June 2010

Progress in the surgical treatment of malignant liver tumors in children

  • Jean-Bernard Otte

      Affiliations

    • Professor emeritus, and Former Director of the Liver Transplant Program, Cliniques Saint-Luc.

References 

  1. Darbari A, Sabin KM Shapiro CN, Schwarz KB. Epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in US children. Hepatology. 2003;38:560–566
  2. De Ugarte DA, Atkinson JB. Liver tumors. In:  Grosfeld JL,  O’Neill JA,  Fonkalsrud EW,  Coran AG editor. Pediatric surgery. 6th ed.. Philadelphia: Mosby-Elsevier; 2006;p. 502–505
  3. Ding SF, Michail NE. Habib NA genetic changes in hepatoblastoma. J Hepatol. 1994;20:672–675
  4. Vaughan WG, Sanders DW, Grosfeld JL, et al. Favorable outcome in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and intra-abdominal malignant tumors. J Pediatr Surg. 1995;30:1042–1044
  5. Thomas D, Pritchard J, Davidson R, et al. Familial hepatoblastoma and APC gene mutations: renewed call for molecular research. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2200–2204
  6. Hughes LI, Michels W. Risk of hepatoblastoma in familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Med Genet. 1992;43:1023–1025
  7. Garber JE, Li FP, Kingston JE, et al. Hepatoblastoma and familial adenomatous polyposis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988;80:1626–1628
  8. Ammann RA, Plaschkes J, Leibundgut K. Congenital hepatoblastoma: a distinct entity?. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;32:466–468
  9. Sinta L, Freud N, Dulitzki F. Hemoperitoneum as the presenting sign of hepatoblastoma in the newborn. Pediatr Surg Int. 1992;7:131–133
  10. Brown J, Perilongo G, Shafford E, et al. Pretreatment prognostic factors for children with hepatoblastoma-results from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL 1. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:1418–1425
  11. Schnater JM, Aronson DC, Plaschkes J, et al. Surgical view of the treatment of patients with hepatoblastoma: results from the first prospective trial of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study Group. Cancer. 2002;94:1111–1120
  12. Czauderna P, Otte JB, Pritchard J, et al. Guidelines for surgical treatment of hepatoblastoma in the modern era. Recommendations from the Childhood Liver Tumor Strategy Group (SIOPEL) of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP). Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:1031–1036
  13. Haas JE, Muzsynski KA, Krailo M, et al. Histopathology and prognosis in childhood hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma. Cancer. 1989;4:1082–1095
  14. Aronson D, Schnater JM, Staalman C, et al. The predictive value of the PRETreatment EXTent of disease (PRETEXT) system in hepatoblastoma: results from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study Group (SIOPEL-1). J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:1245–1252
  15. Roebuck D, Aronson A, Clapuyt P, et al. PRETEXT: a revised staging system for primary malignant liver tumors of childhood. Pediatr Radiol. 2007;37:123–132
  16. Meyers RL, Malogolowkin MH, Rowland JM, Krailo M. Predictive value of the PRETEXT staging system in children with hepatoblastoma. In: Presented at the 37th annual meeting American Pediatric Surgical Association, Hilton Head, SC, May 27; 2006.
  17. Stringer M. Liver tumors. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2006;9:196–208
  18. Fuchs J, Rydzynski J, Hecker H, et al. The influence of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical technique in the treatment of hepatoblastoma—a report from the German cooperative liver tumours studies HB-89 and HB-94. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002;12:255–261
  19. von Schweinitz D, Faundez A, Teichmann B, et al. Hepatocyte growth-factor-scatter-factor can stimulate postoperative tumor-cell proliferation in childhood hepatoblastoma. Int J Cancer. 2000;85:151–159
  20. Finegold M. Chemotherapy for suspected hepatoblastoma without effort at surgical resection is bad practice. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002;39:484–486
  21. Ortega JA, Krailo MD, Haas JE, et al. Effective treatment of unresectable or metastatic hepatoblastoma with cisplatin and continuous infusion doxorubicin chemotherapy: a report from the Children Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:2167–2176
  22. Douglass EC, Reynolds M, Finegold M, Cantor AB. Glycksman A cisplatin, vincristine, and fluorouracil therapy for hepatoblastoma: a pediatric oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:96–99
  23. Ortega JA, Douglass E, Feusner J, et al. A randomized trial of cisplatin/vincristine/5-fluorouracil vs. CCP/doxorubicin continuous infusion for the treatment of hepatoblastoma: results from the pediatric inter-group hepatoma study (abstr). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol (ASCO). 1994;13:416
  24. von Schweinitz D, Hecker H, Harms D, et al. Complete resection before development of drug resistance is essential for survival from advanced hepatoblastoma – a report from the German cooperative pediatric liver tumor study HB-89. J Pediatr Surg. 1995;30:845–858
  25. Pritchard J, Brown J, Shafford E, et al. Cisplatin, doxorubicin and delayed surgery for childhood hepatoblastoma: a successful approach-results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3819–3828
  26. Perilongo G, Shafford E, Maibach R, et al. Risk-adapted treatment for childhood hepatoblastoma. Final report of the second study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology – SIOPEL 2. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40:411–421
  27. Dall’Igna P, Cecchetto G, Toffolutti T, et al. Multifocal hepatoblastoma is there a place for partial hepatectomy?. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003;40:113–116
  28. Couinaud C. The anatomy of the liver. Ann Ital Chir. 1992;63:693–697
  29. Wheatley JM, Rosenfield NS, Berger L, LaQuaglia MP. Liver regeneration in children after major hepatectomy for malignancy-evaluation using a computer-aided technique of volume measurement. J Surg Res. 1996;61:183–189
  30. von Schweinitz D. Management of liver tumors in childhood. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2006;15:17–24
  31. Otte JB, Pritchard J, Aronson DC, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma: Results from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL-1 and review of the world experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004;42:74–83
  32. Austin MT, Leys CM, Feurer ID, et al. Liver transplantation for childhood hepatic malignancy: a review of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:182–186
  33. Hoti E. Adam R liver transplantation for primary and metastatic liver cancers. Transplant Int. 2008;21:1107–1117
  34. Pimpalwar AP, Sharif K, Ramani P, et al. Strategy for hepatoblastoma management: transplant versus nontransplant surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37:240–245
  35. Otte JB, De Ville de Goyet J. The contribution of transplantation to the treatment of liver tumors in children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005;14:233–238
  36. Tiao GM, Bobey N, Allen S, et al. The current management of hepatoblastoma: a combination of chemotherapy, conventional resection, and liver transplantation. J Pediatr. 2005;146:204
  37. Molmenti EP, Wilkinson K, Molmenti H, et al. Treatment of unresectable hepatoblastoma with liver transplantation in the pediatric population. Am J Transplant. 2002;6:535–538
  38. Faraj W, Dar F, Marangoni G, Bartlett A, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma. Liver Transplant. 2008;14(11):1614–1619
  39. Otte JB, Meyers R. Correspondence. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:607–608
  40. Chardot C, Saint-Martin C, Gilles A, et al. Living-related liver transplantation and vena cava reconstruction after total hepatectomy including the vena cava for hepatoblastoma. Transplantation. 2002;73:90–92
  41. Reyes JD, Carr B, Dvorchik I, et al. Liver transplantation and chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr. 2000;136:795–804
  42. Perilongo G, Brown J, Shafford E, et al. Hepatoblastoma presenting with lung metastases: treatment results of the first cooperative, prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology on childhood liver tumors. Cancer. 2000;89:1845–1853
  43. Otte JB, Rosati R, Janssen M. Parental experience with life-related donor liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2004;8:317–321
  44. El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis. 2001;5:87–107
  45. Czauderna P, MacKinley G, Perilongo G, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2798–2804
  46. Van Spronson FJ, Bijleveldem M, van Maldegem BT. Wijburg IA hepatocellular carcinoma in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 despite 2(-2 nitro 4–3 trifluoro-methylbenzenyl)1–3 cyclohexanedione therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40:90–93
  47. Franco LM, Krishnamurthy V, Bali D, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in glycogen storage disease type 1a: a case series. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28:153–162
  48. Hadzic N, Quaglia A, Mieli-Vergani G. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a 12 year old child with PiZZ alpha-1-antityrpsin deficiency. Hepatology. 2006;43:194–196
  49. Halvorsen RA J, Garrity S, Kun C, et al. Coexisting hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with arteriohepatic dysplasia. Abdom Imaging. 1995;20:191–196
  50. Brunati A, Feruzi Z, Sokal E, et al. Early occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in biliary atresia treated by liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2007;11:117–119
  51. Whitington PF, Freese DK, Alonso EM, et al. Clinical and biochemical findings in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1994;18:134–141
  52. Scheers I, Badry V, Stephenne X. Sokal EM risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. J Pediatr. 2005;141:414–417
  53. Hain SF, Fogelman I. Recent advances in imaging hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis, staging and response assessment functional imaging. Cancer J. 2004;10:121–127
  54. Shoup M, Gonen M, D’Angelica M, et al. Volumetric analysis predicts hepatic dysfunction in patients undergoing major liver resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7:325–330
  55. LaBerge JM. Liver tumors. In:  O’Neill JA,  Grosfeld JL,  Fonkalsrud EW, et al. editor. Principles of pediatric surgery. 2nd ed.. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003;
  56. Lauwers GY, Terris B, Balis VJ, et al. Prognostic histologic indicators of curatively resected hepatocellular carcinomas: a multi-institutional analysis of 425 patients with definition of a histologic prognostic index. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:25–34
  57. Katzenstein HM, Krailo MD, Malogolowkin MH, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents: results from the Pediatric Oncology Group and the Children’s Cancer Group intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(12):2789–2797
  58. von Schweinitz D. Treatment of liver tumors in children. In:  Clavian PA,  Fong Y,  Lyerly H, et al. editor. Liver tumors: current and emerging therapies. Boston: Jones and Bartlett; 2004;
  59. Czauderna P, MacKinley G, Perilongo G, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2798–2804
  60. Beaunoyer M, Vanatta JM, Ogihara M, et al. Outcomes of transplantation in children with primary hepatic malignancy. Pediatr Transplant. 2007;11(6):655–660
  61. Reyes JD, Carr B, Dvorchik I, et al. Liver transplantation and chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular cancer in childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr. 2000;136(6):795–804
  62. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. New Engl J Med. 1996;334:693–699
  63. Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology. 2001;33:1394–1403
  64. Roayaie S, Frischer JS, Emre SH, et al. Long-term results with multimodal adjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 5 centimetres. Ann Surg. 2002;235:533–539
  65. Terracciano L, Tornillo L. Cytogenetic alteration in liver cell tumors as detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Pathologica. 2003;95:71–82
  66. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. New Engl J Med. 2008;359:420–422

 This paper reproduces large extracts from: GROSFELD J, OTTE JB. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Karachi Robert, Azmi Amir, Grosfeld Jay L, editors. The surgery of childhood tumours. 2nd ed. Springer Heidelberg; in press.

PII: S0305-7372(10)00033-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.02.013

Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 360-371 , June 2010