Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 35, Issue 8 , Pages 744-753 , December 2009

Making sense of post-treatment surveillance in head and neck cancer: when and what of follow-up

  • Kapila Manikantan

      Affiliations

    • Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, India
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +91 9892328689.
  • ,
  • Shailesh Khode

      Affiliations

    • Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, India
  • ,
  • Raghav C. Dwivedi

      Affiliations

    • Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
  • ,
  • Rajan Palav

      Affiliations

    • Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, India
  • ,
  • Chris M. Nutting

      Affiliations

    • Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
  • ,
  • Peter Rhys-Evans

      Affiliations

    • Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
  • ,
  • Kevin J. Harrington

      Affiliations

    • Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
  • ,
  • Rehan Kazi

      Affiliations

    • Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK

Received 25 June 2009 ,Revised 3 August 2009 ,Accepted 6 August 2009.

References 

  1. Ridge JA. Squamous cancer of the head and neck: surgical treatment of local and regional recurrence. Semin Oncol. 1993;20:419–429
  2. Schwartz L, Ozsahin M, Zhang G, et al. Synchronous and metachronous head and neck carcinomas. Cancer. 1994;74:1933–1938
  3. Sturgis E, Miller R. Second primary malignancies in the head and neck cancer patient. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995;104:946–954
  4. Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, Spiro R. Second malignant neoplasms in patients successfully treated with multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg. 1984;6:734–737
  5. Tepperman BS, Fitzpatrick PJ. Second respiratory and upper digestive tract cancer after oral cancer. Lancet. 1981;62:547–549
  6. DeVisscher AVM, Manni JJ. Routine long-term follow-up in patients treated with curative intent for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120:934–939
  7. Boysen M, Lövdal O, Tausjö J, Winther F. The value of follow-up in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Eur J Cancer. 1992;28:426–430
  8. Schantz SP, Andersen PE. Head and neck carcinoma. In:  Johnson FE,  Virgo KS editor. Cancer patient follow-up. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc.; 1997;p. 57–64
  9. Boysen M. Value of follow-up in patients treated for squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1994;134:205–214
  10. Loree TR. Head and neck carcinoma: counterpoint. In:  Johnson FE,  Virgo KS editor. Cancer patient follow-up. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc.; 1997;p. 72.13
  11. Weymuller EA. Head and neck carcinoma: counterpoint. In:  Johnson FE,  Virgo KS editor. Cancer patient follow-up. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc.; 1997;p. 72–75
  12. Jones AS. Head and neck carcinoma: counterpoint. In:  Johnson FE,  Virgo KS editor. Cancer patient follow-up. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc.; 1997;p. 65–71
  13. Johnson FE, Johnson MH, Virgo KS. Current follow-up strategies after potentially curative resection of upper aerodigestive tract epidermoid carcinoma: results of a survey of members of the society of head and neck surgeons. Int J Oncol. 1997;10:927–931
  14. Marchant FE, Lowry LD, Moffitt JJ, Sabbagh R. Current national trends in the posttreatment follow-up of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Otolaryngol. 1993;14:88–93
  15. Boysen M, Natvig K, Winther Fö, Tausjö J. Value of routine follow-up in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Otolaryngol. 1985;14:211–214
  16. Austin JR. Carcinoma of the head and neck. In:  Berger DH,  Feig BW,  Fuhrman GM editor. The M.D. Anderson surgical oncology handbook. Boston, Mass: Little Brown and Co Inc.; 1995;
  17. Byers RM. Head and neck cancer. In:  Eiseman B,  Robinson WA,  Steele G editor. Follow-up of the cancer patient. New York, NY: Thieme-Stratton Inc.; 1982;p. 36–40
  18. Coniglio JU, Netterville JL. Guidelines for patient management. In:  Bailey BJ,  Johnson JT,  Pillsbury HC,  Kohut RI,  Tardy ME editor. Head and neck surgery otolaryngology. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1993;p. 1021–1028
  19. Nakashima T. Head and neck carcinoma: counterpoint. In:  Johnson FE,  Virgo KS editor. Cancer patient follow-up. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc.; 1997;p. 64–65
  20. Söderholm AL, Lindqvist C, Haglund C. Tumour markers and radiological examinations in the follow-up of patients with oral cancer. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1992;20:211–215
  21. Lara PC, Cuyăs JM. The role of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in the management of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Cancer. 1995;76:758–764
  22. Engelen AM, Stalpers LJ, Manni JJ, Riujs JH, van Daal WA. Yearly chest radiography in the early detection of lung cancer following laryngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1992;249:364–369
  23. Stalpers LJ, van Vierzen PB, Brouns JJ, et al. The role of yearly chest radiography in the early detection of lung cancer following oral cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;18:99–103
  24. Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cancer of the head and neck. Pittsburgh, Pa: The American Society for Head and Neck Surgery, and Arlington, Va: Society of Head and Neck Surgeons; 1996.
  25. Head and neck cancers. In: Fischer DS, editor. Follow-up of cancer: a handbook for physicians. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996.
  26. Yuen AP, Wei WI, Wong SH, Ho WK. Comprehensive analysis of nodal recurrence of advanced laryngeal carcinoma following surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1996;22:350–353
  27. British Association of Head and Neck Oncologists . Practice care guidance for clinicians participating in the management of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. Drawn up by a Consensus Group of Practising Clinicians. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2001;(A):S1–S17
  28. Johnson FE, Virgo KS, Clemente MF, Johnson MH, Paniello RC. How tumor stage affects surgeons’ surveillance strategies after surgery for carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer. 1998;82:1932–1937
  29. Schwartz DL, Barker J, Chansky K, et al. Postradiotherapy surveillance practice for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma – too much or too little?. Head Neck. 2003;25:990–999
  30. O’Meara WP, Thiringer JK, Johnstone PA. Follow-up of head and neck cancer patients post-radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2003;66:323–326
  31. Cooney TR, Poulsen MG. Is routine follow-up useful after combined-modality therapy for advanced head and neck cancer?. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125:379–382
  32. Johnson FE, Johnson MH, Clemente MF, Paniello RC, Virgo KS. Geographical variation in surveillance strategies after curative-intent surgery for upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13:1063–1071
  33. Kissun D, Magennis P, Lowe D, Brown JS, Vaughan ED, Rogers SN. Timing and presentation of recurrent oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and awareness in the outpatient clinic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;44:371–376
  34. Pearlmann NW. Treatment outcome in recurrent head and neck cancer. Arch Surg. 1979;114:39–42
  35. FSO task force . Posttreatment surveillance of adults with squamous-cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Fr ORL. 2005;89:128
  36. Mukherji SK, Mancuso AA, Kotzur IM, et al. Radiologic appearance of the irradiated larynx. Part II. Primary site response. Radiology. 1994;193:149–154
  37. Pameijer FA, Hermans R, Mancuso AA, et al. Pre- and post-radiotherapy computed tomography in laryngeal cancer: imaging-based prediction of local failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;45:359–366
  38. Westhofen M. Ultrasound B-scans in the follow-up of head and neck tumors. Head Neck Surg. 1987;9:272–278
  39. Ahuja A, Leung SF, Ying M, Metreweli C. Echography of metastatic nodes treated by radiotherapy. J Laryngol Otol. 1999;113:993–998
  40. Steinkamp HJ, Maurer J, Cornehl M, Knobber D, Hettwer H, Felix R. Recurrent cervical lymphadenopathy: differential diagnosis with color-duplex sonography. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 1994;251:404–409
  41. Warner GC, Cox GJ. Evaluation of chest radiography versus chest computed tomography in screening for pulmonary malignancy in advanced head and neck cancer. J Otolaryngol. 2003;32:107–109
  42. Hsu YB, Chu PY, Liu JC, et al. Role of chest computed tomography in head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134:1050–1054
  43. Mercader VP, Gatenby RA, Mohr RM, Fisher MS, Caroline DF. CT surveillance of the thorax in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a preliminary experience. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1997;21:412–417
  44. Steinkamp HJ, Knöbber D, Schedel H, et al. Palpation and sonography in after-care of head–neck tumor patients: comparison of ultrasound tumor entity parameters. Laryngorhinootologie. 1993;72:431–438
  45. Di Martino E, Hausmann R, Krombach GA, et al. Relevance of colour-duplex echography for detection and therapy of recurrences in the follow-up of head and neck cancer. Laryngorhinootologie. 2002;81:866–874
  46. Sharwani A, Jerjes W, Salih V, et al. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced proporphyrin IX fluorescence in detecting oral premalignancy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2006;83:27
  47. Hermans R, Pameijer FA, Mancuso AA, et al. Laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: can follow-up CT after definitive radiotherapy be used to detect local failure earlier than clinical examination alone?. Radiology. 2000;214:683–687
  48. Misiti A, Macori F, Caimi M, et al. Computerized tomography in the evaluation of the larynx after surgical treatment and irradiation. Radiol Med. 1997;94:600–606
  49. Hamstra DA, Rehemtulla A, Ross BD. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: a biomarker for treatment response in oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:4104–4109
  50. Wang J, Takashima S, Takayama F, et al. Head and neck lesions: characterization with diffusion weighted echo-planar MR imaging. Radiology. 2001;220:621–630
  51. Kostakoglu L, Goldsmith SJ. PET in the assessment of therapy response in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck and of the esophagus. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:56–68
  52. Schoder H, Yeung HWD, Gonen M, et al. Head and neck cancer: clinical usefulness and accuracy of PET/CT image fusion. Radiology. 2004;231:65–72
  53. Gordin A, Daitzchman M, Doweck I, et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in patients with carcinoma of the larynx: diagnostic accuracy and impact on clinical management. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:273–278
  54. Ong SC, Schöder H, Lee NY, et al. Clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing the neck after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for loco-regional advanced head and neck cancer. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:532–540
  55. Isles MG, McConkey C, Mehanna HM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of positron emission tomography in the follow-up of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma following radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008;33:210–222
  56. Abgral R, Querellou S, Potard G, et al. Does 18F-FDG PET/CT improve the detection of posttreatment recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in patients negative for disease on clinical follow-up?. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:24–29
  57. Haughey BH, Gates GA, Arfken CL, Harvey J. Meta-analysis of second malignant tumors in head and neck cancer: the case for an endoscopic screening protocol. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1992;101:105–112
  58. Rachmat L, Vreeburg GC, de Vries N, et al. The value of twice yearly bronchoscopy in the work-up and Follow-up of patients with Laryngeal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1993;29A:1096–1099
  59. Chao SS, Loh KS, Tan LKS. Modalities of surveillance in treated nasopharyngeal cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129:61–64
  60. Guardiola E, Pivot X, Dassonville O, et al. Is routine triple endoscopy for head and neck carcinoma patients necessary in light of a negative chest computed tomography scan?. Cancer. 2004;101:2028–2033
  61. Straka MB, Wagner RL, Johnson JT, Kachman KK, Eibling DE. The lack of utility of a tumor marker panel in head and neck carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, lipid-associated sialic acid and CA-125. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992;118:802–805
  62. Snyderman CH, D’Amico F, Wagner R, Eibling DE. A reappraisal of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a tumor marker in head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1294–1297
  63. Krimmel M, Hoffmann J, Krimmel C, Cornelius CP, Schwenzer N. Relevance of SCC-Ag, CEA, CA 19.9 and CA 125 for diagnosis and follow-up in oral cancer. J Craniomaxxilofac Surg. 1998;26:243–248
  64. Zohar Y, Tovim RB, Laurian N, Laurian L. Thyroid function following radiation and surgical therapy in head and neck malignancy. Head Neck. 1984;6:948–952
  65. Palmer BV, Gaggar N, Shaw HJ. Thyroid function after radiotherapy and laryngectomy for carcinoma of the larynx. Head Neck Surg. 1981;4:13–15
  66. Aich RK, Ranjan DA, Pal S, Naha BL, Amitabh R. Iatrogenic hypothyroidism: a consequence of external beam radiotherapy to the head & neck malignancies. J Cancer Res Ther. 2005;1:142–146
  67. Cetinayak O, Akman F, Kentli S, et al. Assessment of treatment-related thyroid dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer. Tumori. 2008;94:19–23
  68. Garcia-Serra A, Amdur RJ, Morris CG, Mazzaferri E, Mendenhall WM. Thyroid function should be monitored following radiotherapy to the low neck. Am J Clin Oncol. 2005;28:255–258
  69. Virgo KS, Paniello RC, Johnson FE. Costs of posttreatment surveillance for patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:564–572
  70. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Head and Neck Cancers – v.2.2008.

PII: S0305-7372(09)00118-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.08.007

Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 35, Issue 8 , Pages 744-753 , December 2009