Update on the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) for the management of anemia of multiple myeloma and lymphoma

Katodritou, Eirini; Dimopoulos, Meletios A.; Zervas, Konstantinos; Terpos, Evangelos

doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.08.002

« Previous Next »Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 35, Issue 8 , Pages 738-743, December 2009

Update on the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) for the management of anemia of multiple myeloma and lymphoma

Eirini Katodritou
- Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Myeloma Study Group, Greek Society of Hematology, Greece
Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Greek Myeloma Study Group, Greek Society of Hematology, Greece
Konstantinos Zervas
- Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Myeloma Study Group, Greek Society of Hematology, Greece
Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Greek Myeloma Study Group, Greek Society of Hematology, Greece
- Corresponding author. Addresses: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 5 Marathonomahon street, 14572, Athens, Greece. Tel.: +30 210 7463803; fax: +30 210 7464676.

Received 17 May 2009; received in revised form 4 August 2009; accepted 6 August 2009. published online 04 September 2009.

Summary

Anemia is a common side-effect of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma. The etiology is complex, but the main cause is the underlying mechanism of anemia of chronic disease, which is characterized among others, by impairment of iron metabolism and consequently iron restricted erythropoiesis (IRE), resulting from the up-regulation of the iron distributing regulator, hepcidin. Erythopoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have been the standard of care since early 90’s offering high response rates and improving the quality of life of the patients. However, the role of ESAs in the treatment of cancer-related anemia has been questioned recently, due to the growing evidence which support that ESAs may be associated with increased risk for thrombosis and may have a detrimental impact on patients’ survival. Under the light of the recent considerations, the place of ESAs in the management of cancer-related anemia has been reassigned. Regarding the management of anemia in MM or lymphoma, the updated American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society of Hematology (ASCO/ASH) 2007 clinical practice guidelines on the use of ESAs in cancer-related anemia, recommended that ESAs should be preferably omitted in patients planned to receive chemotherapy and applied in case that anemia does not improve over treatment. The quest for reliable predictors for response to ESAs and for indicators of IRE which plays a major etiological role for the development of anemia of cancer still remains an open issue. In the current review we present an update on ESAs use in anemia of MM and lymphoma.

Keywords: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, Anemia, Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma, Survival, Complications, Quality of life, Thrombosis