Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 31, Issue 3 , Pages 159-172 , May 2005

The controversial abscopal effect

  • Joseph M. Kaminski

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
    • Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
    • Department of Radiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
    • ,
  • Eric Shinohara

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
    • ,
  • James Bradley Summers

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of South Alabama, P.O. Box 16343, Mobile, AL 36616, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 251 639 3431; fax: +1 251 471 7882
    • ,
  • Kenneth J. Niermann

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
    • ,
  • Allan Morimoto

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Utah, USA
    • ,
  • Jeffrey Brousal

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

References 

  1. Mole RH. Whole body irradiation; radiobiology or medicine. Br J Radiol. 1953;26(305):234–241Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=130 42090
  2. Perego D, Faravelli A. Unexpected consequence of splenectomy in composite lymphoma. The abscopal effect. Haematologica. 2000;85(2):211;Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=106 81732
  3. Vartak S, George KC, Singh BB. Antitumor effects of local hyperthermia on a mouse fibrosarcoma. Anticancer Res. 1993;13(3):727–729Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=831 7904
  4. Uchida A, Mizutani Y, Nagamuta M, Ikenaga M. Effects of X-ray irradiation on natural killer (NK) cell system. I. Elevation of sensitivity of tumor cells and lytic function of NK cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1989;11(2–3):507–519Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=248 2851
  5. Macklis RM, Mauch PM, Burakoff SJ, Smith BR. Lymphoid irradiation results in long-term increases in natural killer cells in patients treated for Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer. 1992;69(3):778–783Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=173 0127
  6. Kusmartsev S, Gabrilovich DI. Immature myeloid cells and cancer-associated immune suppression. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2002;51(6):293–298Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=121 11117
  7. Antoniades J, Brady LW, Lightfoot DA. Lymphangiographic demonstration of the abscopal effect in patients with malignant lymphomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1977;2(1–2):141–147Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=403 163
  8. Ehlers G, Fridman M. Abscopal effect of radiation in papillary adenocarcinoma. Br J Radiol. 1973;46(543):220–222Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=470 6791
  9. Kingsley DP. An interesting case of possible abscopal effect in malignant melanoma. Br J Radiol. 1975;48(574):863–866Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=811 297
  10. Konoeda K. Therapeutic efficacy of pre-operative radiotherapy on breast carcinoma: in special reference to its abscopal effect on metastatic lymph-nodes. Nippon Gan Chiryo Gakkai Shi. 1990;25(6):1204–1214Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=239 8302
  11. Nobler MP. The abscopal effect in malignant lymphoma and its relationship to lymphocyte circulation. Radiology. 1969;93(2):410–412Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=582 2721
  12. Ohba K, Omagari K, Nakamura T, Ikuno N, Saeki S, Matsuo I, et al. Abscopal regression of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiotherapy for bone metastasis. Gut. 1998;43(4):575–577Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=982 4589
  13. Rees GJ, Ross CM. Abscopal regression following radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma. Br J Radiol. 1983;56(661):63–66Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=618 5172
  14. Rees GJ. Abscopal regression in lymphoma: a mechanism in common with total body irradiation?. Clin Radiol. 1981;32(4):475–480Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=724 9526
  15. Sham RL. The abscopal effect and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Med. 1995;98(3):307–308Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=787 2349
  16. Schinzinger A. Ueber carcinoma mammae. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir. 1889;18:28–29
  17. Beatson G. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment with illustrative cases. Lancet. 1896;2:104–107
  18. DeCourmellers F. La radiotherapie indirecte, ou dirigee par les correlations organiques. Archives d’electricite Medicale. 1922;32:503–512
  19. Lipton A, Santen RJ. Proceedings: Medical adrenalectomy using aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone in advanced breast cancer. Cancer. 1974;33(2):503–512Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=481 2767
  20. Huggins CH. Studies on prostatic cancer, I:the effect of casteration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of prostate. Cancer Res. 1941;1:293–297
  21. Garfield DH, Kennedy BJ. Regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy. Cancer. 1972;30(1):190–196Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=504 0742
  22. Flanigan RC, Salmon SE, Blumenstein BA, Bearman SI, Roy V, McGrath PC, et al. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal cell cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(23):1655–1659Available from Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=117 59643
  23. Montour JL. Abscopal radiation damage to chick thymus and bursa of Fabricius. Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol. 1971;10(1):150–160Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=554 9334
  24. Hahn EW, Feingold SM. Abscopal delay of embryonic development after prefertilization X-irradiation. Radiat Res. 1973;53(2):267–272Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=469 5227
  25. Moment GB. Recovery and abscopal effects after inhibitory X-irradiation in earthworm regeneration. J Exp Zool. 1972;181(1):33–39Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=503 7420
  26. Khan MA, Hill RP, Van Dyk J. Partial volume rat lung irradiation: an evaluation of early DNA damage. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;40(2):467–476Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=945 7837
  27. Collett WK, Watson JA, Wald N. Abscopal and direct effects on calcium mobilization, alkaline phosphatase levels, and dentin formation following X-irradiation of either the rat incisor or the thyroid–parathyroid region. J Dent Res. 1966;45(5):1529–1538Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=522 5327
  28. Rathmell AJ, Taylor RE. Enhanced normal tissue response to radiation in a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1992;4(5):331–332Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=139 0352
  29. Trikha M, Corringham R, Klein B, Rossi JF. Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer: a review of the rationale and clinical evidence. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(13):4653–4665Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=145 81334
  30. Kishimoto T, Hibi M, Murakami M, Narazaki M, Saito M, Taga T. The molecular biology of interleukin 6 and its receptor. Ciba Found Symp. 1992;167:5–16Discussion 16–23. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=142 5018
  31. Castell JV, Gomez-Lechon MJ, David M, Fabra R, Trullenque R, Heinrich PC. Acute-phase response of human hepatocytes: regulation of acute-phase protein synthesis by interleukin-6. Hepatology. 1990;12(5):1179–1186Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=169 9862
  32. Nijsten MW, de Groot ER, ten Duis HJ, Klasen HJ, Hack CE, Aarden LA. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and acute phase responses. Lancet. 1987;2(8564):921;Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=288 9120
  33. Blay JY, Negrier S, Combaret V, Attali S, Goillot E, Merrouche Y, et al. Serum level of interleukin 6 as a prognosis factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1992;52(12):3317–3322Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=159 6890
  34. Miki S, Iwano M, Miki Y, Yamamoto M, Tang B, Yokokawa K, et al. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) functions as an in vitro autocrine growth factor in renal cell carcinomas. FEBS Lett. 1989;250(2):607–610Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=278 7758
  35. Takenawa J, Kaneko Y, Fukumoto M, Fukatsu A, Hirano T, Fukuyama H, et al. Enhanced expression of interleukin-6 in primary human renal cell carcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83(22):1668–1672Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=174 9019
  36. Horiguchi A, Oya M, Marumo K, Murai M. STAT3, but not ERKs, mediates the IL-6-induced proliferation of renal cancer cells, ACHN and 769P. Kidney Int. 2002;61(3):926–938Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=118 49447
  37. Mizutani Y, Bonavida B, Koishihara Y, Akamatsu K, Ohsugi Y, Yoshida O. Sensitization of human renal cell carcinoma cells to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) by anti-interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody or anti-interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody. Cancer Res. 1995;55(3):590–596Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=783 4629
  38. Sanchez-Ortiz RF, Tannir N, Ahrar K, Wood CG. Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma after radio frequency ablation of primary tumor: an in situ tumor vaccine?. J Urol. 2003;170(1):178–179Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=127 96677
  39. Fujikawa K, Matsui Y, Miura K, Kobayashi T, Oka H, Fukuzawa S, et al. Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein and natural killer cell activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Pt 1):673–675Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=109 53123
  40. Kaji M, Ishikura H, Kishimoto T, Omi M, Ishizu A, Kimura C, et al. E-selectin expression induced by pancreas-carcinoma-derived interleukin-1 alpha results in enhanced adhesion of pancreas carcinoma cells to endothelial cells. Int J Cancer. 1995;60(5):712–717Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=753 2161
  41. Tsuyuoka R, Takahashi T, Sasaki Y, Taniguchi Y, Fukumoto M, Suzuki A, et al. Colonystimulating factor-producing tumours: production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 is secondary to interleukin-1 production. Eur J Cancer A. 1994;30(14):2130–2136Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=753 1991
  42. Li BY, Mohanraj D, Olson MC, Moradi M, Twiggs L, Carson LF, et al. Human ovarian epithelial cancer cells cultures in vitro express both interleukin 1 alpha and beta genes. Cancer Res. 1992;52(8):2248–2252Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=155 9228
  43. Ito R, Kitadai Y, Kyo E, Yokozaki H, Yasui W, Yamashita U, et al. Interleukin 1 alpha acts as an autocrine growth stimulator for human gastric carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 1993;53(17):4102–4106Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=835 8739
  44. Kurtzman SH, Anderson KH, Wang Y, Miller LJ, Renna M, Stankus M, et al. Cytokines in human breast cancer: IL-1alpha and IL-1beta expression. Oncol Rep. 1999;6(1):65–70Available from Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=986 4403
  45. Bhat-Nakshatri P, Newton TR, Goulet R, Nakshatri H. NF-kappaB activation and interleukin 6 production in fibroblasts by estrogen receptor- negative breast cancer cell-derived interleukin 1alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95(12):6971–6976Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=961 8523
  46. Kumar S, Kishimoto H, Chua HL, Badve S, Miller KD, Bigsby RM, et al. Interleukin-1 alpha promotes tumor growth and cachexia in MCF-7 xenograft model of breast cancer. Am J Pathol. 2003;163(6):2531–2541Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=146 33625
  47. Chen WR, Jeong SW, Lucroy MD, Wolf RF, Howard EW, Liu H, et al. Induced ant tumor immunity against DMBA-4 metastatic mammary tumors in rats using laser immunotherapy. Int J Cancer. 2003;107(6):1053–1057Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=146 01069
  48. Anasagasti MJ, Olaso E, Calvo F, Mendoza L, Martin JJ, Bidaurrazaga J, et al. Interleukin 1-dependent and -independent mouse melanoma metastases. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89(9):645–651Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=915 0189
  49. Takeda K, Fujii N, Nitta Y, Sakihara H, Nakayama K, Rikiishi H, et al. Murine tumor cells metastasizing selectively in the liver: ability to produce hepatocyte-activating cytokines interleukin-1 and/or -6. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991;82(11):1299–1308Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=175 2786
  50. Lafrenie RM, Gallo S, Podor TJ, Buchanan MR, Orr FW. The relative roles of vitronectin receptor, E-selectin and alpha 4 beta 1 in cancer cell adhesion to interleukin-1-treated endothelial cells. Eur J Cancer A. 1994;30(14):2151–2158Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=753 1992
  51. Lauri D, Needham L, Martin-Padura I, Dejana E. Tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells: endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 as an inducible adhesive receptor specific for colon carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83(18):1321–1324Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=171 5924
  52. Mackay AR, Ballin M, Pelina MD, Farina AR, Nason AM, Hartzler JL, et al. Effect of phorbol ester and cytokines on matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression in tumor and normal cell lines. Invasion Metastasis. 1992;12(3–4):168–184Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=128 4126
  53. Tran-Thang C, Kruithof E, Lahm H, Schuster WA, Tada M, Sordat B. Modulation of the plasminogen activation system by inflammatory cytokines in human colon carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(6):846–852Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=882 6848
  54. Takebayashi Y, Yamada K, Maruyama I, Fujii R, Akiyama S, Aikou T. The expression of thymidine phosphorylase and thrombomodulin in human colorectal carcinomas. Cancer Lett. 1995;92(1):1–7Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=753 8895
  55. Kimura T, Kobayashi T, Nakaya Y, Iida T, Uchimura M, Murohisa B, et al. Effect of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′-DFUR) on the activity of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (pyNPase) in normal and tumor tissues of human stomach. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1995;22(8):1051–1056Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=761 1757
  56. Tomimatsu S, Ichikura T, Mochizuki H. Significant correlation between expression of interleukin-1alpha and liver metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;91(7):1272–1276Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=112 83926
  57. Mifflin RC, Saada JI, Di Mari JF, Adegboyega PA, Valentich JD, Powell DW. Regulation of COX-2 expression in human intestinal myofibroblasts: mechanisms of IL-1-mediated induction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002;282(4):C824–C834Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=118 80271
  58. Di Mari JF, Mifflin RC, Adegboyega PA, Saada JI, Powell DW. IL-1alpha- induced COX-2 expression in human intestinal myofibroblasts is dependent on a PKCzeta-ROS pathway. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(7):1855–1865Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=128 06619
  59. Liu W, Reinmuth N, Stoeltzing O, Parikh AA, Tellez C, Williams S, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 is up-regulated by interleukin-1 beta in human colorectal cancer cells via multiple signaling pathways. Cancer Res. 2003;63(13):3632–3636Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=128 39952
  60. Fan XM, Wong BC, Lin MC, Cho CH, Wang WP, Kung HF, et al. Interleukin-1beta induces cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer cells by the p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;16(10):1098–1104Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=116 86835
  61. Maihofner C, Charalambous MP, Bhambra U, Lightfoot T, Geisslinger G, Gooderham NJ. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 parallels expression of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and NF-kappaB in human colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24(4):665–671Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=127 27794
  62. Koki AT, Masferrer JL. Celecoxib: a specific COX-2 inhibitor with anticancer properties. Cancer Control. 2002;9(Suppl 2):28–35Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=119 65228
  63. Garcia-Lora A, Algarra I, Garrido F. MHC class I antigens, immune surveillance, and tumor immune escape. J Cell Physiol. 2003;195(3):346–355Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=127 04644
  64. Moretta L, Moretta A. Unravelling natural killer cell function: triggering and inhibitory human NK receptors. EMBO J. 2004;23(2):255–259Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=146 85277
  65. Ibrahim EC, Guerra N, Lacombe MJ, Angevin E, Chouaib S, Carosella ED, et al. Tumor specific up-regulation of the nonclassical class I HLA-G antigen expression in renal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2001;61(18):6838–6845Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=115 59559
  66. Bukur J, Rebmann V, Grosse-Wilde H, Luboldt H, Ruebben H, Drexler I, et al. Functional role of human leukocyte antigen-G up-regulation in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2003;63(14):4107–4111Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=128 74014
  67. Colucci F, Caligiuri MA, Di Santo JP. What does it take to make a natural killer?. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3(5):413–425Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=127 66763
  68. Levy SM, Herberman RB, Maluish AM, Schlien B, Lippman M. Prognostic risk assessment in primary breast cancer by behavioral and immunological parameters. Health Psychol. 1985;4(2):99–113Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=401 8006
  69. Tartter PI, Steinberg B, Barron DM, Martinelli G. The prognostic significance of natural killer cytotoxicity in patients with colorectal cancer. Arch Surg. 1987;122(11):1264–1268Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=367 5190
  70. Schantz SP, Brown BW, Lira E, Taylor DL, Beddingfield N. Evidence for the role of natural immunity in the control of metastatic spread of head and neck cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1987;25(2):141–148Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=349 9224
  71. Fujisawa T, Yamaguchi Y. Autologous tumor killing activity as a prognostic factor in primary resected nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer. 1997;79(3):474–481Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=902 8357
  72. Tamura K, Shibata Y, Matsuda Y, Ishida N. Isolation and characterization of an immunosuppressive acidic protein from ascitic fluids of cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1981;41(8):3244–3252Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=616 6371
  73. Ikuta S, Miki C, Tanaka K, Konishi N, Mohri Y, Tonouchi H, et al. Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein as an interleukin-6 related index of deteriorating condition in gastric cancer patients. Dig Surg. 2003;20(6):532–538Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=145 34376
  74. Shimada H, Nabeya Y, Okazumi S, Matsubara H, Miyazawa Y, Shihratori T, et al. Prognostic value of preoperative serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus. 2003;16(2):102–106Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=128 23207
  75. Yamanaka N, Harabuchi Y, Himi T, Kataura A. Immunosuppressive substance in the sera of head and neck cancer patients. Cancer. 1988;62(7):1293–1298Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=341 6271
  76. Takeuchi H, Maehara Y, Tokunaga E, Koga T, Kakeji Y, Sugimachi K. Prognostic value of preoperative immunosuppressive acidic protein levels in patients with gastric carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50(49):289–292Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=126 30043
  77. Miyata Y, Koga S, Nishikido M, Noguchi M, Kanda S, Hayashi T, et al. Predictive values of acute phase reactants, basic fetoprotein, and immunosuppressive acidic protein for staging and survival in renal cell carcinoma. Urology. 2001;58(2):161–164Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=114 89689
  78. Blay JY, Rossi JF, Wijdenes J, Menetrier-Caux C, Schemann S, Negrier S, et al. Role of interleukin-6 in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome associated with renal-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1997;72(3):424–430Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=924 7285
  79. Nozoe T, Matsumata T, Sugimachi K. Preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein is related to impaired immunity in patients with colorectal cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2000;23(3):263–266Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=108 57890
  80. Maccio A, Lai P, Santona MC, Pagliara L, Melis GB, Mantovani G. High serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor, cytokines, and C reactive protein correlate with impairment of T cell response in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1998;69(3):248–252Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=964 8596
  81. Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:991–1045Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=801 1301
  82. Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science. 2002;296(5566):301–305Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=119 51032
  83. Demaria S, Ng B, Devitt ML, Babb JS, Kawashima N, Liebes L, et al. Ionizing radiation inhibition of distant untreated tumors (abscopal effect) is immune mediated. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;58(3):862–870Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=149 67443
  84. Melief CJ. Tumor eradication by adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Adv Cancer Res. 1992;58:143–175Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=153 2109
  85. Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B, Steinman RM. The use of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15(2):138–147Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=126 33662
  86. Friedman EJ. Immune modulation by ionizing radiation and its implications for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2002;8(19):1765–1780Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=121 71547
  87. Chen L, Ashe S, Brady WA, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE, Ledbetter JA, et al. Costimulation of antitumor immunity by the B7 counterreceptor for the T lymphocyte molecules CD28 and CTLA-4. Cell. 1992;71(7):1093–1102Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=133 5364
  88. Townsend SE, Allison JP. Tumor rejection after direct costimulation of CD8+T cells by B7-transfected melanoma cells. Science. 1993;259(5093):368–370Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=767 8351
  89. Phan GQ, Attia P, Steinberg SM, White DE, Rosenberg SA. Factors associated with response to high-dose interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(15):3477–3482Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=114 81353
  90. Bhardwaj N. Processing and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells: implications for vaccines. Trends Mol Med. 2001;7(9):388–394Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=115 30333
  91. Albert ML, Darnell JC, Bender A, Francisco LM, Bhardwaj N, Darnell RB. Tumor-specific killer cells in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Nat Med. 1998;4(11):1321–1324Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=980 9559
  92. Sauter B, Albert ML, Francisco L, Larsson M, Somersan S, Bhardwaj N. Consequences of cell death: exposure to necrotic tumor cells, but not primary tissue cells or apoptotic cells, induces the maturation of immunostimulatory dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2000;191(3):423–434Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=106 62788
  93. Kotera Y, Shimizu K, Mule JJ. Comparative analysis of necrotic and apoptotic tumor cells as a source of antigen (s) in dendritic cell-based immunization. Cancer Res. 2001;61(22):8105–8109Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=117 19436
  94. Watters D. Molecular mechanisms of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. Immunol Cell Biol. 1999;77(3):263–271Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=103 61259
  95. Hong JH, Chiang CS, Campbell IL, Sun JR, Withers HR, McBride WH. Induction of acute phase gene expression by brain irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;33(3):619–626Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=755 8951
  96. Quarmby S, Kumar P, Kumar S. Radiation-induced normal tissue injury: role of adhesion molecules in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Int J Cancer. 1999;82(3):385–395Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=103 99956
  97. Nikitina EY, Gabrilovich DI. Combination of gamma-irradiation and dendritic cell administration induces a potent antitumor response in tumor-bearing mice: approach to treatment of advanced stage cancer. Int J Cancer. 2001;94(6):825–833Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=117 45485
  98. Ganss R, Ryschich E, Klar E, Arnold B, Hammerling GJ. Combination of T- cell therapy and trigger of inflammation induces remodeling of the vasculature and tumor eradication. Cancer Res. 2002;62(5):1462–1470Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=118 88921
  99. Santin AD, Hermonat PL, Ravaggi A, Chiriva-Internati M, Pecorelli S, Parham GP. Radiation enhanced expression of E6/E7 transforming oncogenes of human papillomavirus-16 in human cervical carcinoma. Cancer. 1998;83(11):2346–2352Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=984 0534
  100. Santin AD, Hermonat PL, Ravaggi A, Chiriva-Internati M, Hiserodt JC, Pecorelli S, et al. Effects of retinoic acid combined with irradiation on the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules and adhesion/costimulation molecules ICAM-1 in human cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1998;70(2):195–201Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=974 0690
  101. Hareyama M, Imai K, Kubo K, Takahashi H, Koshiba H, Hinoda Y, et al. Effect of radiation on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer. 1991;67(9):2269–2274Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=190 1513
  102. Eschwege P, Dumas F, Blanchet P, Le Maire V, Benoit G, Jardin A, et al. Haematogenous dissemination of prostatic epithelial cells during radical prostatectomy. Lancet. 1995;346(8989):1528–1530Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=749 1049
  103. Kassabian VS, Bottles K, Weaver R, Williams RD, Paulson DF, Scardino PT. Possible mechanism for seeding of tumor during radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 1993;150(4):1169–1171Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=837 1381
  104. Ben-Eliyahu S. The price of anticancer intervention. Does surgery promote metastasis?. Lancet Oncol. 2002;3(9):578–579Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=122 33735
  105. Shakhar G, Ben-Eliyahu S. Potential prophylactic measures against postoperative immunosuppression: could they reduce recurrence rates in oncological patients?. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(8):972–992Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=145 27919
  106. Vallejo R, Hord ED, Barna SA, Santiago-Palma J, Ahmed S. Perioperative immunosuppression in cancer patients. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2003;22(2):139–146Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=145 33877
  107. Carter JJ, Feingold DL, Kirman I, Oh A, Wildbrett P, Asi Z, et al. Laparoscopic-assisted cecectomy is associated with decreased formation of postoperative pulmonary metastases compared with open cecectomy in a murine model. Surgery. 2003;134(3):432–436Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=145 55930
  108. Page GG, Ben-Eliyahu S. Indomethacin attenuates the immunosuppressive and tumor promoting effects of surgery. J Pain. 2002;3(4):301–308Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=146 22754
  109. Yamaguchi K, Takagi Y, Aoki S, Futamura M, Saji S. Significant detection of circulating cancer cells in the blood by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during colorectal cancer resection. Ann Surg. 2000;232(1):58–65Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=108 62196
  110. Yu H, Levesque MA, Clark GM, Diamandis EP. Prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen for women with breast cancer: a large United States cohort study. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4(6):1489–1497Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=962 6467
  111. Oka M, Mitsunaga H, Hazama S, Yoshino S, Suzuki T. Natural killer activity and serum immunosuppressive acidic protein levels in esophageal and gastric cancers. Surg Today. 1993;23(8):669–674Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=840 0669
  112. Biffl WL, Moore EE, Moore FA, Peterson VM. Interleukin-6 in the injured patient. Marker of injury or mediator of inflammation. Ann Surg. 1996;224(5):647–664Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=891 6880
  113. Aso H, Tamura K, Yoshie O, Nakamura T, Kikuchi S, Ishida N. Impaired NK response of cancer patients to IFN-alpha but not to IL-2: correlation with serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and role of suppressor macrophage. Microbiol Immunol. 1992;36(10):1087–1097Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=147 9963
  114. Carter JJ, Whelan RL. The immunologic consequences of laparoscopy in oncology. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2001;10(3):655–677Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=116 85934
  115. Schietroma M, Carlei F, Lezoche E, Agnifili A, Enang GN, Mattucci S, et al. Evaluation of immune response in patients after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology. 2001;48(39):642–646Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=114 62893
  116. Tang JT, Yamazaki H, Nishimoto N, Inoue T, Nose T, Koizumi M, et al. Effect of radiotherapy on serum level of interleukin 6 in patients with cervical carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 1996;16(4A):2005–2008Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=871 2734
  117. Wichmann MW, Meyer G, Adam M, Hochtlen-Vollmar W, Angele MK, Schalhorn A, et al. Detrimental immunologic effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in advanced rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(7):875–887Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=128 47360
  118. Wiltrout RH, Herberman RB, Zhang SR, Chirigos MA, Ortaldo JR, Green KM, et al. Role of organ-associated NK cells in decreased formation of experimental metastases in lung and liver. J Immunol. 1985;134(6):4267–4275Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=398 9307
  119. Page GG, Ben-Eliyahu S. A role for NK cells in greater susceptibility of young rats to metastatic formation. Dev Comp Immunol. 1999;23(1):87–96Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=102 20071
  120. Da Costa ML, Redmond P, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. The effect of laparotomy and laparoscopy on the establishment of spontaneous tumor metastases. Surgery. 1998;124(3):516–525Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=973 6904
  121. Ben-Eliyahu S, Page GG, Yirmiya R, Shakhar G. Evidence that stress and surgical interventions promote tumor development by suppressing natural killer cell activity. Int J Cancer. 1999;80(6):880–888Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=100 74922
  122. Schantz SP, Savage HE, Racz T, Taylor DL, Sacks PG. Natural killer cells and metastases from pharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Surg. 1989;158(4):361–366Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=280 2042
  123. Koda K, Saito N, Takiguchi N, Oda K, Nunomura M, Nakajima N. Preoperative natural killer cell activity: correlation with distant metastases in curatively research colorectal carcinomas. Int Surg. 1997;82(2):190–193Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=933 1851
  124. Chakravarty PK, Alfieri A, Thomas EK, Beri V, Tanaka KE, Vikram B, et al. Flt3-ligand administration after radiation therapy prolongs survival in a murine model of metastatic lung cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59(24):6028–6032Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=106 26784
  125. Younes E, Haas GP, Dezso B, Ali E, Maughan RL, Kukuruga MA, et al. Local tumor irradiation augments the response to IL-2 therapy in a murine renal adenocarcinoma. Cell Immunol. 1995;165(2):243–251Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=755 3889
  126. Younes E, Haas GP, Dezso B, Ali E, Maughan RL, Montecillo E, et al. Radiation-induced effects on murine kidney tumor cells: role in the interaction of local irradiation and immunotherapy. J Urol. 1995;153(6):2029–2033Available from Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=775 2388
  127. Redman BG, Hillman GG, Flaherty L, Forman J, Dezso B, Haas GP. Phase II trial of sequential radiation and interleukin 2 in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4(2):283–286Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=951 6912
  128. Jurgenliemk-Schulz IM, Renes IB, Rutgers DH, Everse LA, Bernsen MR, Den Otter W, et al. Anti-tumor effects of local irradiation in combination with peritumoral administration of low doses of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2. Radiat Oncol Investig. 1997;5(2):54–61Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=930 3058
  129. Hartford AC, Gohongi T, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Irradiation of a primary tumor, unlike surgical removal, enhances angiogenesis suppression at a distal site: potential role of host–tumor interaction. Cancer Res. 2000;60(8):2128–2131Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=107 86673
  130. Camphausen K, Moses MA, Menard C, Sproull M, Beecken WD, Folkman J, et al. Radiation abscopal antitumor effect is mediated through p53. Cancer Res. 2003;63(8):1990–1993Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=127 02593
  131. Szlosarek PW, Balkwill FR. Tumour necrosis factor alpha: a potential target for the therapy of solid tumours. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4(9):565–573Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=129 65278
  132. Pierrefite-Carle V, Baque P, Gavelli A, Brossette N, Benchimol D, Bourgeon A, et al. Subcutaneous or intrahepatic injection of suicide gene modified tumour cells induces a systemic antitumour response in a metastatic model of colon carcinoma in rats. Gut. 2002;50(3):387–391Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=118 39720
  133. Dong J, Bohinski RJ, Li YQ, Van Waes C, Hendler F, Gleich L, et al. Antitumor effect of secreted Flt3-ligand can act at distant tumor sites in a murine model of head and neck cancer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2003;10(2):96–104Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=125 36197
  134. Agard C, Ligeza C, Dupas B, Izembart A, El Kouri C, Moullier P, et al. Immune-dependent distant bystander effect after adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transfer in a rat model of liver colorectal metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther. 2001;8(2):128–136Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=112 63528
  135. Engelmann C, Heslan JM, Fabre M, Lagarde JP, Klatzmann D, Panis Y. Importance, mechanisms and limitations of the distant bystander effect in cancer gene therapy of experimental liver tumors. Cancer Lett. 2002;179(1):59–69Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=118 80183
  136. Okada T, Shah M, Higginbotham JN, Li Q, Wildner O, Walbridge S, et al. AV.TK-mediated killing of subcutaneous tumors in situ results in effective immunization against established secondary intracranial tumor deposits. Gene Ther. 2001;8(17):1315–1322Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=115 71568
  137. Chhikara M, Huang H, Vlachaki MT, Zhu X, Teh B, Chiu KJ, et al. Enhanced therapeutic effect of HSV-tk+GCV gene therapy and ionizing radiation for prostate cancer. Mol Ther. 2001;3(4):536–542Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=113 19915
  138. Bi W, Kim YG, Feliciano ES, Pavelic L, Wilson KM, Pavelic ZP, et al. An HSVtk-mediated local and distant antitumor bystander effect in tumors of head and neck origin in athymic mice. Cancer Gene Ther. 1997;4(4):246–252Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=925 3510
  139. Lechanteur C, Moutschen M, Princen F, Lopez M, Franzen E, Gielen J, et al. Antitumoral vaccination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-12-expressing DHD/K12 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 2000;7(5):676–682Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=108 30715
  140. Fearon ER, Pardoll DM, Itaya T, Golumbek P, Levitsky HI, Simons JW, et al. Interleukin-2 production by tumor cells bypasses T helper function in the generation of an antitumor response. Cell. 1990;60(3):397–403Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=213 7372
  141. Huang H, Chen SH, Kosai K, Finegold MJ, Woo SL. Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term remission of primary and metastatic tumors in mice by interleukin-2 gene therapy in vivo. Gene Ther. 1996;3(11):980–987Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=894 0638
  142. Asada H, Kishida T, Hirai H, Satoh E, Ohashi S, Takeuchi M, et al. Significant ant tumor effects obtained by autologous tumor cell vaccine engineered to secrete interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 by means of the EBV/lipoplex. Mol Ther. 2002;5(5 Pt 1):609–616Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=119 91752
  143. Hillman GG, Slos P, Wang Y, Wright JL, Layer A, De Meyer M, et al. Tumor irradiation followed by intratumoral cytokine gene therapy for murine renal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther. 2004;11(1):61–72Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=146 81727
  144. Moret-Tatay I, Diaz J, Marco FM, Crespo A, Alino SF. Complete tumor prevention by engineered tumor cell vaccines employing nonviral vectors. Cancer Gene Ther. 2003;10(12):887–897Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=147 12315
  145. Kawakita M, Rao GS, Ritchey JK, Ornstein DK, Hudson MA, Tartaglia J, et al. Effect of canarypox virus (ALVAC)-mediated cytokine expression on murine prostate tumor growth. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89(6):428–436Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=909 1644
  146. Tatsumi T, Huang J, Gooding WE, Gambotto A, Robbins PD, Vujanovic NL, et al. Intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells engineered to secrete both interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 effectively treats local and distant disease in association with broadly reactive Tc1-type immunity. Cancer Res. 2003;63(19):6378–6386Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=145 59827
  147. Suzuki K, Nakazato H, Matsui H, Hasumi M, Shibata Y, Ito K, et al. NK cell-mediated ant tumor immune response to human prostate cancer cell, PC-3: immunogene therapy using a highly secretable form of interleukin-15 gene transfer. J Leukoc Biol. 2001;69(4):531–537Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=113 10838
  148. Dong Z, Greene G, Pettaway C, Dinney CP, Eue I, Lu W, et al. Suppression of angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and metastasis by human prostate cancer cells engineered to produce interferon-beta. Cancer Res. 1999;59(4):872–879Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=100 29078
  149. Yoshioka A, Miyachi Y, Toda K, Imamura S, Hiraoka M, Abe M. Effects of local hyperthermia on natural killer activity in mice. Int J Hyperthermia. 1990;6(2):261–267Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=232 4568
  150. Downing JF, Martinez-Valdez H, Elizondo RS, Walker EB, Taylor MW. Hyperthermia in humans enhances interferon-gamma synthesis and alters the peripheral lymphocyte population. J Interferon Res. 1988;8(2):143–150Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=313 2509
  151. Chen WR, Liu H, Ritchey JW, Bartels KE, Lucroy MD, Nordquist RE. Effect of different components of laser immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic tumors in rats. Cancer Res. 2002;62(15):4295–4299Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=121 54032
  152. Chen Z, Colon I, Ortiz N, Callister M, Dong G, Pegram MY, et al. Effects of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and neutralizing antibody on proinflammatory cytokine expression by human squamous cell carcinoma lines. Cancer Res. 1998;58(16):3668–3676Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=972 1877
  153. Hoption Cann SA, van Netten JP, van Netten C, Glover DW. Spontaneous regression: a hidden treasure buried in time. Med Hypotheses. 2002;58(2):115–119Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=118 12185
  154. Richardson MA, Ramirez T, Russell NC, Moye LA. Coley toxins immunotherapy: a retrospective review. Altern Ther Health Med. 1999;5(3):42–47Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=102 34867

PII: S0305-7372(05)00054-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2005.03.004

Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 31, Issue 3 , Pages 159-172 , May 2005

Article Tools