« Previous
Next »
Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 27, Issue 6
, Pages 351-363
, December 2001
Continuing therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: clinical and cellular pharmacology of methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine
References
-
.
Optimal current treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Cancer Treat Rep. 1981;65:97–100
- . Intensification of treatment and survival in all children with lymphoblastic leukaemia: Results of UK Medical Research Council trial UKALL X. Lancet. 1995;345:143–148
- . Early intensification of intrathecal chemotherapy virtually eliminates central nervous system relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood. 1998;92:411–415
- . Monthly pulses of vincristine and prednisone prevent bone marrow and testicular relapse in low-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report of the CCG-161 study by the Children's Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:1012–1021
- . High cure rate with a moderately intensive treatment regimen in non-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Results of protocol ALL VI form the Dutch Childhood Leukaemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:911–918
- . Intermediate-dose intravenous methotrexate with intravenous mercaptopurine is superior to repetitive low-dose oral methotrexate with intravenous mercaptopurine for children with lower-risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group Phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:246–254
- . Comparison of two schedules of intermediate-dose methotrexate and cytarabine consolidation therapy for childhood B-precursor cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; a Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:1939–1945
- . Augmented post-induction therapy for children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and a slow response to initial therapy. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1663–1671
- . Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (Report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). Br J Haematol. 1991;78:187–196
- . The purine path to chemotherapy. Science. 1989;244:41–47
- . Enzymic capacities of purine de novo and salvage pathways for nucleotide synthesis in normal and neoplastic tissues. Cancer Res. 1984;44:2475–2479
- . Purification of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of Plasmodium lophurae. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1987;23:39–45
- . Methylation of mercaptopurine, thioguanine, and their nucleotide metabolites by heterologously expressed human thiopurine S-methyltransferase. Mol Pharmacol. 1995;47:1141–1147
- . Inhibition of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase form Erlich ascites-tumour cells by thiopurine nucleotides. Biochem Pharmacol. 1968;18:936–938
- . Metabolic effects of thiopurine derivatives against human CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998;30:885–895
-
.
Purine antimetabolites.
In:
Chabner BA, Longo DL editor.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principle and Practice. 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott & Company; 1996;p. 235–252
- . Cellular pharmacokinetics of mercaptopurine in human neoplastic cells and cell lines. Cancer Res. 1985;45:4156–4161
-
.
Relation of 5′-nucleotidase and phosphatase activities with immunophenotype, drug resistance and clinical prognosis in childhood leukaemia.
Leukaemia Res. 1992;16:873–880
- . Consequences of 6-thioguanine incorporation into DNA on polymerase, ligase and endonuclease function. Mol Pharmacol. 1992;42:802–807
- . The role of DNA mismatch repair in drug resistance. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4:1–6
- . Reversal of methylmercaptopurine cytotoxicity by purine ribonucleotides and adenine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995;49:49–56
- . 6-thioguanine-induced growth arrest in 6-mercaptopurine-resistant human leukaemia cells. Cancer Res. 1994;54:5387–5393
- . A biochemical mechanism for the delayed cytotoxic reaction of 6-mercaptopurine. Cancer Res. 1974;34:738–746
-
.
The cytotoxicity of thioguanine versus mercaptopurine in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Leukaemia Res. 1994;18:805–810
- . Apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death induced by different chemotherapeutic drugs in human leukaemic T-lymphocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;51:1331–1340
- . Desulfuration of 6-mercaptopurine: The basis for the paradoxical cytotoxicity of thiopurines in cultured human leukaemic cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993;46:1627–1636
-
.
In vitro. cellular drug resistance in children with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.;86:3861–3868
-
.
The cytotoxicity of thioguanine versus mercaptopurine in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Leukaemia Res. 1994;18:805–810
- . Quantitation of 6-thioguanine residues in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA obtained from patients receiving 6-mercaptopurine-based continuing therapy. Cancer Res. 1995;55:1670–1674
- . Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase: clinical importance and molecular mechanisms. Pharmacogenetics. 1996;6:279–290
- . Human thiopurine methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: gene sequence polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997;62:60–73
- . Thiopurine drugs in the treatment of childhood leukaemia: the influence of inherited thiopurine methyltransferase activity on drug metabolism and cytotoxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;44:455–461
- . Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of thiopurines in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1998;42:266–272
- . Oral 6-mercaptopurine in childhood leukaemia: Parent drug pharmacokinetics and active metabolite concentrations. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986;40:287–292
- . Varaible mercaptopurine metabolism and risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:1816–1823
- . Thiopurine drugs in the treatment of childhood leukaemia: the influence of inherited thiopurine methyltransferase activity on drug metabolism and cytotoxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;44:455–461
- . Polymorphic thiopurine methyltransferase in erythrocytes is indicative of activity in leukaemic blasts from children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood. 1995;85:1897–1902
-
.
Antifolates.
In:
Chabner BA, Longo DL editor.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company; 1996;p. 109–148
- . Mechanism of cell death following thymidylate synthase inhibition: 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate accumulation, DNA damage and growth inhibition following exposure to CB3717 and dipyridamole. Cancer Res. 1991;51:2346–2352
- . Thymidine rescue of high-dose methotrexate in humans. Cancer Res. 1978;38:325–330
- . The influence of drug-exposure conditions on the development of resistance to methotrexate or ZD1694 in culture human leukaemia cells. Int J Cancer. 1996;66:29–36
- . Differences in folylpolyglutamyl synthase and dihydrofolate reductase expression in human B-lineage versus T-lineage leukaemic lymphoblasts: Mechanisms for lineage differences in methotrexate polyglutamation and cytotoxicity. Mol Pharmacol. 1997;52:155–163
- . Methotrexate cytotoxicity for L5178Y/Asn− lymphoblasts: Relationship of dose and duration of exposure to tumour cell viability. Cancer Res. 1982;42:1641–1645
- . Evolution of methotrexate resistance of human leukaemia cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 1985;45:1815–1822
- . Decreased folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity as a mechanism of methotrexate resistance in CCRF-CEM human leukemia sublines. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:6181–6187
-
.
Cross resistance studies of folylpolyglutamate synthetase deficient, methotrexate resistant CCRF-CEM human leukaemia sublines.
Leukaemia. 1993;7:1996–2003
- . The impact of polyglutamation on sensitivity to raltitrexed and methotrexate in relation to drug-induced inhibition ofde novo thymidylate and purine biosynthesis in CCRF-CEM cell lines. Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5:2548–2558
- . Defective transport is a common mechanism of acquired methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and is associated with decreased reduced folate carrier expression. Blood. 1997;89:1013–1018
- . Elevated dihydrofolate reductase and impaired methotrexate transport as elements in methotrexate resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood. 1995;85:500–509
- . Increased frequency of expression of elevated dihydrofolate reductase in T-cell versus B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. Blood. 1997;90:578–589
- . Accumulation of methotrexate and methotrexate polyglutamates in lymphoblasts at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A pilot prognostic factor analysis. Blood. 1990;76:44–49
- . Accumulation of high levels of methotrexate polyglutamates in lymphoblasts from children with hyperdiploid (>50 chromosomes) B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Blood. 1992;80:1316–1323
- . Reduced folate carrier expression in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, a mechanism for pliody but not lineage differences in methotrexate accumulation. Blood. 1999;93:1643–1650
-
.
Decreased polyglutamation of methotrexate in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia blasts in adults compared to children with this disease.
Leukaemia. 1993;7:1000–1004
- . Increased concentrations of methylated 6-mercaptopurine metabolites and 6-thioguanine nucleotides in human leukaemic cells in vitro by methotrexate. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998;55:1641–1646
-
.
Human liver xanthine oxidase: nature and extent of individual variation.
Clin Pharm Ther. 1991;50:663–672
- . Human liver thiopurine methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: biochemical properties, liver-erythrocyte correlation and presence of isoenzymes. Pharmacogenetics. 1992;2:148–159
- . Intra-individual variation in 6-mercaptopurine pharmacokinetics during oral continuing therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;40:599–601
-
.
Dose-dependent kinetics of orally administered6-mercaptopurine in children with leukaemia.
J Pediatrics. 1991;119:311–316
- . Pharmacokinetics and distribution of 6-mercaptopurine administered intravenously in children with lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;53:71–74
- . Intrathecal 6-mercaptopurine: preclinical pharmacology, Phase I/II trial, and pharmacokinetic study. Cancer Res. 1991;51:6079–6083
- . The effect of methotrexate on the bioavailability of oral 6-mercaptopurine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987;41:384–387
- . Conventional compared with individualised chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:499–505
- . Pharmacokinetics of oral and intramuscular methotrexate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1987;20:243–247
-
.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrextare and mercaptopurine in children with lower risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A joint Children's Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Branch study.
Blood. 1998;10:3569–3577
- . Methotrexate distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:161–166
- . Clinical pharmacology of intrathecal methotrexate. I. Pharmacokinetics in non-toxic patients after lumbar injection. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977;61:703–708
-
.
Studies of sequential and combination antimetabolite therapy in acute leukaemia: 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate.
Blood. 1961;18:431–454
-
.
The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on the duration of steroid-induced remissions in acute leukaemia: A model for evaluation of other potentially useful therapy.
Blood. 1963;21:699–716
- . The effectivess of combinations of antileukaemic agents in inducing and maintaining remission induction in children with acute leukaemia. Blood. 1965;26:642–656
- . Intensive consolidation chemotherapy for acute leukaemia (UKALL X pilot study). Arch Dis Child. 1987;62:12–18
- . Importance of 6-mercaptopurine dose in lymphoblastic leukaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1991;66:462–466
- . 6-mercaptopurine dose escalation and its effect on drug tolerance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1996;38:113–116
- . Prognostic importance of 6-mercaptopurine dose intensity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood. 1999;93:2817–2823
- . Systemic exposure to 6-mercaptopurine as a prognostic indicator in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:17–21
- . Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase in childhood leukaemia: Relation with immunophenotype, in vitro drug resistance and clinical prognosis. Int J Cancer. 1992;51:213–217
-
Rambotti, P, Davis, S, Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in normal and leukaemic lymphocytes, Br J Haematol, 49, 23, 28
- . The relationship between thiopurine methyltransferase activity and genotype in blasts form patients with acute leukaemia. Blood. 1998;92:2856–2862
-
.
Relation of 5′-nucleotidase and phosphatase activities with immunophenotype, drug resistance and clinical prognosis in childhood leukaemia.
Leukaemia Res. 1992;16:873–880
- . Genetic variation in response to 6-mercaptopurine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 1990;336:225–229
- . Mercaptopurine metabolism and risk of relapse in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 1994;343:1188–1190
-
.
Studies of sequential and combination antimetabolite therapy in acute leukaemia: 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate.
Blood. 1961;18:431–454
- . Modification of treatment schedules in the management of advanced mouse leukaemia with amethopterin. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1956;17:203–212
- . New treatment schedule with improved survival in childhood leukemia. JAMA. 1965;194:187–193
-
.
The role of vincristine in the treatrment of childhood acute leukamia.
Clin Pharm Ther. 1966;7:332–339
-
.
Dexamaethasone decreases central nervous system (CNS) relapse and improves event free survival in lower risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1998;17:527a
- . Six months of maintenanace chemotherapy after intensified treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:1508–1516
- . Three versus five years of continuing therapy are equivalent in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:316–325
- . Drug dosage and remission duration in childhood lymphocytic leukaemia. Cancer. 1971;27:247–256
- . Prognostic value of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood. Lancet. 1998;352:1731–1738
PII: S0305-7372(02)90245-8
doi: 10.1053/ctrv.2002.0245
© 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Cancer Treatment Reviews
Volume 27, Issue 6
, Pages 351-363
, December 2001
